The miRNA-immune axis in bladder cancer: systematic evidence for a new era of immunotherapy precision.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex disease with patients showing widely variable responses to treatment. While immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising alternative to the standard platinum-based chemotherapy, especially for platinum-resistant tumors, clinicians still lack reliable biomarkers to predict which patients will truly benefit from immunotherapy.

Aim

This systematic review aimed to explore whether miRNAs could help decode the immune landscape of BC and serve as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response.

Methods

A total of 3,272 articles were systematically screened on medical databases and narrowed down to 37 studies that examined the relationship between miRNAs, immune cell infiltration, and patient outcomes in BC. To further stren

SUBMITTER: Dulf DV 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12491296 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature