Comparative multi-index analysis of existing drought typology and environmental droughts in a climate-stressed region.

ABSTRACT: Climate change is amplifying drought impacts globally, yet conventional drought typology (meteorological, agricultural, hydrological) systematically excludes environmental drought, a critical driver of ecosystem collapse, from multi-index comparative assessments. This omission persists despite evidence that anthropogenic warming exacerbates hydrological non-stationarity and ecological degradation. This study bridges this gap by analyzing meteorological (precipitation), agricultural (vegetation), hydrological (streamflow), and environmental (ecology) droughts. The comparative multi-index approach, developed by this study, employs four indices: the 3-month Standardised Precipitation Anomaly Index (SPAI-3 for meteorological drought), Vegetation Health Index (VHI for agricultural drought), 3-m

SUBMITTER: Srivastava A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12491559 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature