Environmental Lead Exposure Predicts Lower Bone Mineral Density in a Large Taiwanese Population-Based Study.

ABSTRACT: Background: Chronic exposure to environmental lead (Pb) may impair bone metabolism and increase the risk of osteoporosis; however, large-scale epidemiological data remain limited. This study aimed to examine the association between long-term environmental Pb exposure and bone mineral density (BMD) in a nationally representative Taiwanese cohort. Methods: A total of 32,239 participants aged 30-70 years were included after excluding those with missing lead exposure or BMD data. BMD was assessed via calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, and T-scores were calculated. Environmental Pb exposure was estimated using a validated Geo-AI model. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between Pb exposure and T-scores, adjusting for demograph

SUBMITTER: Shen PY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12492357 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature