Individual and area-level factors associated with depression in indonesia: a multilevel analysis using the 2018 national basic health research.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Depression has become the leading cause of disease burden in low- and middle-income countries. However, evidence on the determinants of depression in those countries has been limited. This study aims to identify the factors in individual and area levels associated with depression using existing nationally representative data in Indonesia.

Methods

Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed on various national-scale Indonesian cross-sectional surveys and Indonesian Population Census to estimate those associations. We included adults aged 18 + who participated in the National Basic Health Research 2018 in this study. Depression was measured using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Individual level variables include demog

SUBMITTER: Idaiani S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12492620 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature