Treatment-resistant recurrent unipolar and bipolar depression: associative learning abnormalities.

ABSTRACT: Severe and enduring psychiatric illness affects about 3% of the UK population and is associated with significant disability and a substantial reduction in average life expectancy. Two types are treatment-resistant recurrent unipolar depression and treatment-resistant bipolar depression, the latter being the depressed phase of bipolar disorder. Different phenotypes and different responses to antidepressant medications suggest different neural abnormalities. As bipolar depression can be clinically indistinguishable from unipolar depression yet require different treatments, it is important to develop objective ways to discriminate these two illnesses. Here, we used reinforcement learning drift diffusion models of decision-making, and event-related fMRI acquired during a reward gain and loss a

SUBMITTER: Suveges S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12493050 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature