Biomimetic Scaffolds with Dual Gradients of Biological Effectors for Tendon-to-Bone Repair.

ABSTRACT: Due to the complexspatial gradients in composition and structure at the native tendon-to-bone attachment, it remains a clinical challenge to repair rotator cuff tears. Herein, we describe a biomimetic scaffold with dual gradients in osteogenic and tendon enthesis effectors to regulate the graded differentiation of stem cells for tendon-to-bone repair. Funnel-shaped microchannels prompted stem cells to rapidly infiltrate into the scaffold to experience the dual gradients in biological effectors along the walls of each microchannel. The graded distributions of two different effectors-hydroxyapatite nanorods and hedgehog agonist-worked synergistically to promote the differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and tenocytes, reproducing the cell phenotypes present in the natu

SUBMITTER: Hao M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12494179 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature