Macrophage repolarization by immune checkpoint blockade drives T cell engagement in the tumor microenvironment.

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapy combinations can improve patient outcomes, yet the interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that drive therapeutic synergy are poorly understood. Tumor establishment drives monocyte recruitment and differentiation into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which have essential roles in coordinating immune responses and are thus attractive targets for therapeutic modulation. In a murine model of combination anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (anti-PD-L1) checkpoint blockade, tumor control was associated with increased infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells and M1-like repolarization of TAMs. Live-cell imaging of the tumor microenvironment revealed close contacts between tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells and TAMs, in which the extent

SUBMITTER: Kwok T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12494938 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature