US Antibiotic Importation and Supply Chain Vulnerabilities.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

The US has faced persistent antibiotic shortages over the past decade, compromising patient care, public health, and national security. Understanding the global sources of US antibiotic imports is critical to inform policies to improve supply chain resilience.

Objective

To identify the global sources of US antibiotic imports, focusing on finished dosage forms (FDFs) and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) between 1992 and 2024.

Design and setting

This cross-sectional study of US antibiotic importation records used data from USA Trade Online from January 1992 to July 2024. Data included import volumes, costs, and the originating country.

Main outcomes and measures

Trends in annual import volumes for antibiotic FDFs and APIs (metric tons), spendin

SUBMITTER: Socal MP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12495497 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature