Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in metastatic cancer patients.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

To assess the risk of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in metastatic cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) compared to those receiving non-ICI therapies.

Method

A retrospective cohort study using TriNetX global electronic health records (2014-2025) from multiple healthcare systems. Adult metastatic cancer patients initiating ICI or non-ICI therapy were included. Patients with preexisting diabetes within 6 months were excluded. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 25,463 patients remained in each group. Outcomes were identified by ICD-10 codes.

Results

Median follow-up was 764 days (ICI) vs. 692 days (non-ICI). ICI use was associated with a higher risk of T1DM (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.81-3.04) and DKA

SUBMITTER: Lin MH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12495861 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature