Potential pulmonary toxic effects of Martian dust simulant.

ABSTRACT: Human exploration of the Moon and Mars will inevitably result in exposure to extraterrestrial dust. We investigated the potential pulmonary toxicity of JSC Mars-1(Martian dust simulant, respirable diameter 1.45 μm) using an advanced multicellular lung mucosa model with dust applied apically to human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface, with doses 55, 222, and 890 μg/cm², PBS (sham). Compared to the sham, medium and high doses of JSC Mars-1 increased necrosis-related gene HMGB1 expression. The cellular total reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of antioxidant-related genes, HMOX-1 and SOD3, increased at all dose levels. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein and gene expression increased, and tumor necrosis fa

SUBMITTER: Ji J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12496206 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature