Impact of non-cardiovascular factors on cardiovascular death in acute decompensated heart failure: Enhancing predictive models with frailty and comorbid constipation-the Constipation and Frailty Augmented AHEAD score.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

The present study investigated the influence of non-cardiovascular factors on cardiovascular deaths in patients with heart failure. Furthermore, we examined whether these factors add value to conventional risk factor-based models for predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular death.

Methods

This multicenter prospective cohort study included patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Cardiovascular deaths were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model, and contribution of non-cardiovascular factors was evaluated. Decision tree analyses were carried out, and risk stratification was carried out using cardiovascular death as an indicator. Improvement in predictive ability of the Atrial fibrillation, Hemoglobin, Elderly, Abnormal renal parameters, Diabetes (AHEAD

SUBMITTER: Ishida T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12501657 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature