Serological evidence of influenza D virus circulation among cattle in Poland.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The circulation of influenza D virus (IDV) has been confirmed in Europe, North America, Asia and Africa through seroprevalence and molecular studies, as well as by virus isolation. Its broad host range raises concerns about zoonotic potential, with cattle recognised as the natural reservoir. This study finds the seroprevalence of IDV in cattle, associates animal-level variables such as age, sex and origin and assesses the frequency of IDV exposure in small ruminants and horses in Poland.

Material and methods

A total of 1,029 serum samples were analysed, comprising 755 from cattle, 224 from small ruminants and 50 from horses. To assess the serological response, haemagglutination inhibition tests were performed, and samples classified as positive were subsequently

SUBMITTER: Kwasnik M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12503218 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature