PD-L1 has a stronger effect on increasing headache risk than PD-1: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the risk of headaches caused by programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors.

Method

Relevant clinical trials were screened using PubMed. The risk of headache associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors was calculated using the mirror principle and PRISMA guidelines.

Results

A total of 33 clinical trials were screened for this comprehensive meta-analysis, yielding nine mirror-pairing groups. The risk of headache with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors was significantly higher than that with placebo (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: [1.06, 2.06], Z = 2.33, P = 0.02) and similar to that with chemotherapy drugs (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: [0.84, 1.34], Z = 0.49, P = 0.62). When PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors are combined with ot

SUBMITTER: Tian Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12506019 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature