Investigating the association between incretin-based therapies and thyroid cancer incidence among US Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Preclinical studies suggest a potential link between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and thyroid cancer (TC), yet it is unclear if this risk translates to humans.

Research design and methods

We estimated the comparative effect of incretin-based therapies (GLP-1RA and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i)) versus sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) on TC incidence among US older adults with type 2 diabetes. We defined TC as a thyroidectomy followed by ≥2 separate diagnoses codes for malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland within 90 days. We estimated adjusted 3-year cumulative risk differences of TC (aRDs) with 95% CIs using weighted Kaplan-Meier survival functions, and adjusted HRs using weighted Cox models.

Results

We

SUBMITTER: Acheampong CO 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12506239 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature