Systemic and Salivary Cytokine Levels among Adult E-Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of e-cigarette use on systemic and salivary cytokine levels among adults.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis, registered under PROSPERO (Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42024571203), was conducted in compliance with Cochrane and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards. Studies assessing systemic and salivary cytokines (e.g., IL-6 [Interleukin-6], TNF-α [Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha], IL-10 [Interleukin-10]) among adult e-cigarette users, traditional smokers, mixed smokers, and non-smokers were included based on Population-Intervention-Comparators-Outcomes (PICO) criteria. Data were extracted, risk of bias was assessed usin

SUBMITTER: Billa AL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12507073 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature