Diversity of estrogen biodegradation pathways and application in environmental bioremediation.

ABSTRACT: Steroid estrogens, including the naturally occurring hormones estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3), as well as the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE2), play essential physiological roles in the regulation of the reproductive systems and development of secondary sex characteristics in humans and animals. Environmental pollution with steroid estrogens is gaining rising concerns worldwide due to their endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic properties, which can harm humans and aquatic organisms. Hence, efficient removal of these compounds, particularly from wastewater, is deemed key to prevent environmental pollution with estrogens. Although several physicochemical treatments contribute to estrogen elimination from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), biological treatment via m

SUBMITTER: Hashem JS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12507874 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature