Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles From Fresh vs. Frozen Human Milk Including the Vesicular microRNA Cargo.

ABSTRACT: Human milk is rich in extracellular vesicles (EV) that may contribute to shaping neonatal immunity. Here, we evaluated whether freezing, and the addition of sodium citrate (SC), affect the characteristics of human milk EVs and their miRNAs. Freezing may compromise the milk EV population and their miRNA profile by creating artificial vesicles due to cell lysis. Furthermore, SC can be added to clear the EV fraction of micelles, that is, protein aggregates that co-isolate with milk EVs, and may affect certain downstream analyses. To investigate potential differences between milk EV and their miRNA cargo when isolated from fresh and frozen samples, mature milk samples were collected from 10 women and subjected to four different treatments: fresh and frozen; fresh^SC and frozen^SC

SUBMITTER: Ahlberg E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12508264 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature