Evolving global patterns of congenital heart anomalies from 1990 to 2021.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Congenital heart anomalies (CHAs) remain a significant global health issue for children, evidenced by persistent disparities in healthcare access across different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions and genders, despite slight decreases in prevalence.

Material and methods

This cross-sectional study used the Global Burden of Disease 2021 dataset to analyze CHAs in children aged 0-14 from 204 countries. Data analysis was performed using R software, incorporating global mapping, Joinpoint regression, and estimation of annual percent changes and rates, stratified by age, sex, and SDI.

Results

A total of 218,909,652 children, including 113,892,505 (52.03%) males and 105,017,147 (47.97%) females, were included in the analysis. From 1990 to 2021, the global pr

SUBMITTER: Yang E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12509868 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature