Surgical Facial Rejuvenation Techniques: Are They All Scientifically Valid and Anatomically Justified?

ABSTRACT:

Background

Face lift procedures have evolved significantly, largely based on theories such as bone resorption, fat atrophy, fat compartment shifting, and ligament stretching. However, recent evidence questions the validity of these assumptions and, by extension, many current surgical techniques. This review aimed to assess whether existing face lift methods align with the principle of correcting age-related changes while preserving unaffected structures.

Methods

A literature review of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified 54 relevant studies published since 2005. These included longitudinal interpersonal studies, as well as cadaver and live subject analyses grouped by age. However, few intrapersonal studies exist, and most available research offers conflicting data w

SUBMITTER: Atiyeh B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12510159 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature