Characterizing the food environment in Scotland and its association with deprivation: A national study.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To characterize food outlets across Scotland and analyze their distribution by neighborhood deprivation.

Methods

Data from the Food Standards Agency of all registered food businesses in 2024 were categorized as out-of-home (OOH) [including restaurants, pubs, cafés, and takeaways], retail [supermarkets and non-food retailers like pharmacies with limited food items] or other [mobile caterers, charity organizations, and home caterers]. Neighborhood deprivation was quantified using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.

Results

Of all food outlets, 59 % (n = 18,409) were OOH, 28 % (n = 8757) retail, and 13 % (n = 3969) other. The density of OOH (1.9 per km²) was more than double that of retail (0.8 per km²). Glasg

SUBMITTER: Kapoor D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12510213 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature