Andrographolide suppresses chondrosarcoma cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and activating autophagy.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Chondrosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor, exhibits a high incidence rate. This study employed network pharmacology and cell-based experiments to explore the molecular mechanisms by which andrographolide (Andro) suppressed the migration and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells.

Methods

Andro's target genes were identified through integration of data from SuperPred, SEA, STITCH, Pharmmapper, HERB, HIT-2, and Swiss Target Prediction databases, and subsequently cross-referenced with chondrosarcoma-related genes. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING platform, followed by GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of potential targets with R software. Molecular docking assessed the binding affinities between Andro and

SUBMITTER: Wu CF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12511062 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature