Tooth-to-white spot lesion YOLO: a novel model for white spot lesion detection.

ABSTRACT:

Background

To develop a new deep learning model for detecting white spot lesions (WSLs), which are commonly observed in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and assess its accuracy.

Methods

A total of 653 intra-oral photographs of WSLs were collected and annotated. Our novel model, tooth-to-WSL You Only Look Once (TW-YOLO), and the original YOLOv5 model were fine-tuned and evaluated, with 457 photographs used for training; 130, for validation; and 66, for hold-out testing. Cohen's kappa coefficient between model prediction and orthodontist annotation was used as the primary evaluation metric, and mean average precision (mAP@0.5:0.95), average precision (mAP@0.5) and F1 score were also evaluated. The score-CAM technique was used for explainability analysis.

Results</

SUBMITTER: Chung HM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12512629 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature