Altitudinal gradient and its correlation with plant diversity in Daral Valley, Swat in Pakistan using multivariate analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Biodiversity is facing direct threats due to climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. Daral Valley, Swat is not an exception and was selected based on its remote location and altitudinal variation, encompassing diverse ecosystems from moist temperate forest to alpine region. Starting at 1400 m a.s.l. (above sea level) through moist temperate region up to the alpine region at 5001 m a.s.l.

Methods

A quadrat sampling method was employed, taking 300 quadrats of varying sizes to record the necessary phytosociological data for herb shrub and trees. Importance value indices (IVI) for vegetation were calculated and subjected to ordination techniques, such as canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).

Results

The flora comprised 381 taxa from 224 genera and 81 f

SUBMITTER: Shah M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12512784 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature