Dual-metal-organic framework and gallic acid incorporated 3D-printed scaffolds: Revolutionizing refractory bone defect repair through immune-angiogenic-neurogenic synergy.

ABSTRACT: Steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON)-related bone defects are refractory and present significant therapeutic challenges due to dysregulated multiple cellular functions and disrupted multidimensional microenvironments. Despite progress in regulating immune responses and promoting vascularization for SAON-related bone defects, effective neural innervation strategies remain limited. Notably, immune response, angiogenesis, and neural innervation are interdependent processes that collectively regulate bone regeneration. Herein, we engineered a novel 3D-printed composite scaffold with highly interconnected porosity and multiple bioactivities by integrating magnesium-copper dual-metal-organic framework (MgCu-MOF74), gallic acid (GA) and polylactic acid (PLA). MgCu-MOF74 exhibits antioxidant ca

SUBMITTER: Li Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12512983 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature