Customized extracellular vesicles targeting lysosomal biogenesis deliver therapeutic cargo for intervertebral disc degeneration treatment.

ABSTRACT: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained prominence as advanced drug delivery systems due to their inherent merits. Recent advancements highlight their utility in transporting therapeutic proteins with significant progress in targeted therapies. To optimize EV efficacy, engineering strategies focus on enhancing cargo encapsulation efficiency. The robust interaction between immunoglobulin G Fc fragments and the cytoplasmic receptor TRIM21 offers a novel framework for stable cargo loading. This study identifies Ras-related GTP-binding protein D (RRAGD) as a critical regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function. Leveraging Fc-TRIM21 interactions, engineered EVs encapsulating RRAGD were developed. Surface modification with CAP peptides enhanced nucleus pulposus (NP) cell-targeting specificit

SUBMITTER: Liao Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12514819 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature