Adult survival has a stronger role than productivity in the annual population change of European songbirds.

ABSTRACT: Biodiversity is decreasing at an alarming rate, and there is an urgent need to understand the demographic drivers behind population declines. Therefore, it is important to study the different stages of a species' life cycle, including adult survival and productivity. It is still poorly understood whether adult survival or productivity has a stronger role in population change, and how the role of adult survival and productivity varies spatially in relation to species' traits. We used bird ringing data from the European Constant Effort Sites (EuroCES) project from the years 2000 to 2021, with 1.2 million captures of 33 songbird species from ten European countries. We investigated the role of productivity and adult survival in annual population change and how it was affected by spatio-climati

SUBMITTER: Nousiainen I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12515112 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature