SEM, confocal Laser, and histological evaluation of traditional and conservative access cavities with and without 3D cleaning: an ex vivo study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

The present investigation sought to compare the efficacy of a 3D Cleaning protocol comprising intrachamber sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) preheating followed by ultrasonic activation on smear layer and debris removal, residual debris, and NaOCl penetration under different access cavity designs (traditional versus conservative). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate irrigant activation across access cavity designs within a single, standardised experimental framework.

Materials and methods

Specimens were allocated to three primary groups according to the analytical method: Group A, scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Group B, histological analysis; and Group C, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Each group was further subdivided into

SUBMITTER: Abdellatif D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12515115 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature