Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone, empagliflozin and glimepiride as third-line agents in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors: A multicentre, phase 4 randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

To assess the efficacy and safety of three triple-combination therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.

Materials and methods

This multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 4 study included patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin (≥1000 mg) and a DPP-4 inhibitor. Participants were randomised to receive empagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 61), pioglitazone 15 mg/day (n = 58) or glimepiride 2 mg/day (n = 57). The primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level change after 24 weeks of treatment.

Results

The mean age, HbA1c level and diabetes duration of the patients were 58.5 ± 10.0 years, 7.8 ± 0.7% and 8.1 ± 5.6 years, respectiv

SUBMITTER: Cho YK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12515792 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature