Thymoquinone chemically conjugated to doxorubicin: antitumor activity and subcellular localization.

ABSTRACT: Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is frequently used in the treatment of several cancers including breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, and thyroid cancers and lymphoma. Despite the wide use of doxorubicin in cancer treatment, the drug has demonstrated severe side effects such as cardiotoxicity, bone marrow aplasia and nephrotoxicity. On the other hand, thymoquinone is a phytochemical antioxidant with known chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. However, thymoquinone suffers from high hydrophobicity, causing poor solubility in aqueous medium, which limits its bioavailability. In this study, we developed a new strategy to attenuate doxorubicin-induced toxicity and improve the bioavailability of thymoquinone by a direct chemical conjugation between doxorubicin and thymoquinon

SUBMITTER: Mahmoud IS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12516812 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature