Associations between pain, anxiety and depression and mindfulness in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder affecting the oral mucosa, often accompanied by psychological comorbidities. Higher levels of mindfulness have been associated with reduced pain and fewer emotional symptoms in some chronic pain conditions, but its role in BMS remains inadequately explored.

Methods

146 patients diagnosed with BMS, according to the International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition, were recruited from the Department of Oral Medicine at a stomatology hospital. Mindfulness, pain intensity and psychological symptoms were assessed using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, visual analog scale, and self-report screening tools, respectively. Spearman's correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to eva

SUBMITTER: He J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12520433 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature