Microbiome-mediated regulation of chemoradiotherapy response.

ABSTRACT: The gut microbiota critically influences patient responses to chemoradiotherapy through bidirectional interactions with host physiology, modulating both therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy disrupt microbial homeostasis, exacerbating intestinal damage, systemic inflammation, and immune dysfunction, while specific commensals and metabolites enhance treatment response via metabolic reprogramming, DNA repair regulation, and immune activation. Key mechanisms include microbiota-mediated TLR/NF-κB signaling, SCFA-dependent epigenetic modifications, and microbial enhancement of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical interventions such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and targeted antibiotics demonstrate potential to mitigate toxicity and overcome resist

SUBMITTER: Zhou L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12520963 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature