Adsorption of antigen to polymeric nanoparticles enhances cytotoxic T-cell responses and anti-tumor immunity by targeting conventional type 1 dendritic cells.

ABSTRACT: Tumor rejection is primarily mediated by cytotoxic T cells, making them critical targets for therapeutic cancer vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants can modulate innate immunity, influencing adaptive immune responses. For particulate adjuvants, such as polymeric nanoparticles, physicochemical properties-including size, charge, composition and antigen location within the formulation-can shape these responses. Free-soluble antigens typically fail to induce sufficient dendritic cell maturation and cross-presentation needed for robust CD8⁺ T-cell activation. However, this can be enhanced by delivering antigen with nanoparticles of appropriate size. While adjuvants like oil-in-water emulsions do not require antigen association for vaccine efficacy, the importance of antigen location in the ad

SUBMITTER: Huete-Carrasco J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12521960 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature