Imaging the distribution and drainage of fluid in the human olfactory regions using intravenous Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) enhanced MRI.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance via the olfactory pathway is well-documented in animal models. However, results from in vivo human studies appear inconsistent. Studies using intrathecal (IT) Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) enhanced MRI showed minimal tracer pass-through from intracranial to extracranial olfactory regions such as the nasal mucosa. Conversely, human imaging studies using intravenous (IV) tracers showed significant enhancement in the nasal mucosa, suggesting CSF drainage through the cribriform plate. This research seeks to clarify these conflicting results from imaging studies using intrathecal and intravenous tracers, and to provide a better understanding of intravenous GBCA distribution in intracranial and extracranial olfactory regions, an im

SUBMITTER: Zhou X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12522709 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature