Volatile Fingerprinting and Regional Differentiation of Safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.) Using GC-IMS Combined with OPLS-DA.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to systematically characterize the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) from eight major production regions, providing a scientific basis for quality evaluation and geographical traceability. VOC profiling was conducted using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and regional differences were assessed through multivariate statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), Euclidean distance, and hierarchical clustering. Key differential compounds were identified by variable importance in projection (VIP) and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analyses, with aldehydes and esters emerging as the primary contributors to the dis

SUBMITTER: Liu J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12523545 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature