Combination of Cold Helium Plasma with Fluoride Varnish to Improve Enamel Surface Protection.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the optimal application sequence of cold atmospheric helium plasma (CAP) with fluoride varnish to enhance enamel protection and fluoride uptake. A total of 91 bovine incisor teeth were randomly assigned into seven groups (n = 13 each): negative control (C, no treatment), comparative controls [helium gas (He, gas only)], helium plasma (P, plasma only)], positive control [fluoride varnish (V)], and three experimental groups: plasma followed by varnish (PV), varnish followed by plasma (VP), and plasma before and after varnish (PVP). Specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and microhardness testing at 0, 24, and 48 h post-treatment. SEM revealed that helium plasma treatment enhanced th

SUBMITTER: Fathollah S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12525247 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature