Green Synthesis of Biochar-Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Using Tea Polyphenol for Efficient Cadmium Immobilization in Soil.

ABSTRACT: With the increasing severity of cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil and its persistent toxicity, developing efficient remediation methods has become a critical necessity. In this study, sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) and tea polyphenols (TP) were employed as reducing agents to synthesize biochar (BC)-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), denoted as BH₄-nZVI/BC and TP-nZVI/BC, respectively. The effects of dosage, pH, and reaction time on Cd immobilization efficiency were systematically investigated. Both composites effectively stabilized Cd, significantly reducing its mobility and toxicity. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) results showed that Cd leaching concentrations decreased to 8.23 mg/L for BH₄-nZVI/BC and 4.65 mg/L for TP-nZVI/BC, co

SUBMITTER: Jia Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12525840 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature