Unlocking the <i>Ilex guayusa</i> Potential: Volatile Composition, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Hemolytic Activities, with In Silico Molecular Docking and ADMET Analysis of Hydroethanolic Extracts.

ABSTRACT: This work studies the underexplored potential of Ilex guayusa and demonstrates the influence of geographical (locations: A, B, C) and ontogenetic (young: 0; old: 2) factors on its biochemical profile. The total phenolic content (TPC) was consistently higher than the total flavonoid content (TFC) in all samples, with the highest values for site B: B2 for TPC (77.91 μg GAE/mg extract) and B0 for TFC (6.77 μg QE/mg extract). GC-MS identified 29 metabolites, and clustering analysis grouped samples B and C as rich in phenols and flavonoids, while site A was richer in alcohols, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons. Antioxidant potential was demonstrated, with B2 being the most active in ABTS (TEAC value of 0.3885 (mg/g dw)), whereas A2 and C2 showed the strongest activity in DPPH (0.0968 and 0.1850 (mg/g

SUBMITTER: de Los Monteros-Silva NE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12526121 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature