Molecular Evolution and Epidemiology of Norovirus GII.4 Viruses in the United States.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, with GII.4 Sydney viruses responsible for the majority of infections until 2023.

Methods

To study the evolutionary dynamics of GII.4 noroviruses in the United States (2011-2023), we sequenced and analyzed 406 VP1 and 335 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences submitted to CaliciNet.

Results

Time-scale analysis showed that the average evolutionary rate of GII.4 strains was 5.56 × 10-3 substitutions per site per year. GII.4 Sydney viruses circulated throughout the entire study period albeit with 4 polymerase types (GII.P31, GII.P16, GII.P4 and GII.P12). From 2011-2015, GII.4 Sydney[P31] dominated followed by GII.4 Sydney[P16] from 2016-2020, and the new sub-lineage GII.4 Sydney[P16]-2020 fr

SUBMITTER: Barclay L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12526873 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature