Global burden of four cardiovascular diseases attributable to low fruits and vegetables intake, 1990-2021, with a forecast to 2044.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading global cause of death. The contribution of inadequate fruits and vegetables (F&V) intake to specific CVD subtypes has not been well characterized across places and time.

Methods

Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 estimates for 204 countries/territories, we have quantified deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from ischaemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and aortic aneurysm (AA) attributable to low fruit or low vegetables intake (1990-2021). We have assessed age-standardized mortality and DALY rates (ASMR, ASDR) and temporal trends via estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), examined patterns by age, sex, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI)

SUBMITTER: He X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12527854 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature