Designing and field calibration of low-cost microcontroller-based soil moisture sensor for subsurface drip-irrigation system.

ABSTRACT: A cost-effective capacitive sensor system, SEN0193, was ruggedised, calibrated, and evaluated in both laboratory and field settings to assess sensor-to-sensor variability resulting from sensor placement in the soil. Experimental data underwent regression analysis to develop a model for predicting soil moisture levels using the output voltage of the capacitive sensor, as recorded at the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) of the microcontroller. The accuracy of the developed low-cost sensor system was demonstrated through the evaluation of Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error, and Relative Absolute Error, yielding values of 1.56%, 0.36, and 0.65, respectively. A comparison was conducted between the field-calibrated soil sensing system and a commercial SM150T sensor to measure Volumetri

SUBMITTER: Raheja A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12528689 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature