Propolis-loaded liposomes (ProLip) enhance macrophage-mediated immunomodulation and suppress breast cancer cell proliferation.

ABSTRACT: Propolis, a natural remedy derived from bee by-products, is known for its immunomodulatory and anticancer properties. However, its clinical application is hindered by poor solubility and bioavailability. This study formulated a propolis-loaded liposome (ProLip) using the thin-film hydration technique (soy phospholipid-to-cholesterol ratio 6:1) to enhance its therapeutic effect. Encapsulation reduced the particle size of propolis from 402.77 ± 7.53 nm to 249.67 ± 5.79 nm and enhanced physicochemical properties, including a low polydispersity index (0.098 ± 0.02), highly negative zeta potential (-50.80 ± 0.10 mV), and improved solubility (water contact angle of 50.247°). FTIR analysis confirmed intermolecular interactions between phenolic groups in propolis and phospholipid carbonyl groups,

SUBMITTER: Mohd Zain H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12528771 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature