Evaluation of Bio-Oil Quality from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Using Entropy-TOPSIS Method.

ABSTRACT: Bio-oil production from microalgae presents a promising approach to address both energy crisis and environmental pollution. This study investigates the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Chlorella vulgaris for bio-oil production under varying solvents (methanol, ethanol, and propanol), catalyst types (zeolite, activate carbon, and graphene oxide) and catalyst loadings (0, 5, and 10 wt % of relative to dry algae). HTL reactions were conducted at temperatures ranging from 250 to 280 °C for 30 min, with biomass cake concentrations of 42.8-60.0 wt %. The objective was to determine optimal conditions for producing high-quality bio-oil using the Entropy-TOPSIS multicriteria decision-making method. Catalyst properties were characterized using SEM-EDS and nitrogen sorption analysis. Bio-oil

SUBMITTER: Santikunaporn M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12529161 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature