P-Cymene Targets Multiple Oncogenic Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights From Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Studies.

ABSTRACT: This study explored the anticancer potential of p-cymene against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through computational and in vitro approaches. Bioinformatics analysis identified 635 potential targets of p-cymene, with 216 overlapping HCC-related proteins. Target interaction networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape, revealing key proteins involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Molecular docking was performed using the molecular operating environment software, demonstrating strong binding affinities of p-cymene with key overlapping HCC targets, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK

SUBMITTER: Anwar N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12531119 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature