PD-1/PD-L1 Cancer Immunotherapeutics Reshape Tumor Microenvironment - Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms for AI-based Precision Medicine.

ABSTRACT: PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) located on T cells, binds to PD-L1 (Programmed cell death ligand 1) on cancer cells, to suppress T cell activation and enable immune evasion. Hitherto, reviews have mainly highlighted the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in anti-cancer immunomodulation, anti-cancer therapy resistance, and immune-related adverse events. However, there are critical modes of enhancement of therapeutic efficacy, which remain underappreciated. This review provides a holistic perspective on: (a) a comprehensive analysis of recent clinical trials targeting PD-1/PD-L1, specifically on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); (b) the underlying molecular mechanisms of immune surveillance; (c) the role of ubiquitin-mediated post-translational modifications (PTMs, viz the ubiquitin mac

SUBMITTER: Lin YY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12532714 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature