Low-Temperature Anammox Supported by Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI): Microbial and Physicochemical Changes during Treatment of Synthetic and Municipal Wastewater.

ABSTRACT: The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process offers a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, but its performance at low temperatures remains a major challenge. This study investigated the role of zero-valent iron (ZVI) in enhancing anammox activity across a temperature range of 10-30 °C using both synthetic and municipal wastewater (MWW). Short-term batch tests demonstrated that low-dose ZVI (5-10 mg/L) stimulated specific anammox activity (SAA) particularly at 13-20 °C, while ZVI increasing concentration (1-10 mg/L) enhanced the enzymatic activity of HDH and decreased NIR activity, as well as modulated oxidative stress (ROS and GSH balance). In contrast, the long-term operation of the anammox process in sequencing batch reactors (S

SUBMITTER: Gamon F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12534236 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature