Fluoride intake during pregnancy: calculation of realistic exposure scenarios for individual risk assessment.

ABSTRACT: Using the methodological approach of systematic review several regulatory bodies and associations have performed an assessment of existing evidence on the adverse effects of fluoride. The most recent review by EFSA published in 2025 recommended a fluoride level in drinking water of below 1.5 mg/L and a maximum total daily intake of 3.3 mg of fluoride as safe level with particular respect to pregnant women and the exposed unborn child. Our work focusses on individual exposure aspects, evaluating the contribution of major sources, specifically those which can be influenced by personal behaviour. We demonstrate that black or green tea and fluoridated household salt-even at salt intake levels below the population 25th percentile-are main contributors of the daily fluoride exposure in the popul

SUBMITTER: Sonnenburg A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12534287 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature