Comprehensive regulation of γ-globin expression by epigenetic modifications and protein post-translational modifications.

ABSTRACT: As a member of the hemoglobin family, γ-globin is usually persistently expressed at high levels to perform the oxygen-carrying function during fetal development. In recent years, related gene editing clinical trials have confirmed that reactivation of γ-globin expression is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating β-hemoglobinopathies, including β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Human γ-globin expression is finely regulated by multiple mechanisms, and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms will help develop drugs that target its activation. With the advancement of biotechnology, epigenetic modifications (EMs) and protein post-translational modifications (PPTMs) have shown irreplaceable roles in the regulation of γ-globin expression. Therefore, this review will comprehensively s

SUBMITTER: Ye D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12535125 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature