3D printing of hydrogels: a synergistic approach of rheology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling.

ABSTRACT: The development of printable hydrogel inks with optimized rheological properties is critical for advancing extrusion-based 3D printing. In this study, we present a systematic investigation of kappa-carrageenan (κCG) hydrogel inks formulated with and without 10 mM KCl and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to assess their printability, flow behavior, and structural performance. All formulations exhibited shear-thinning behavior, characterized using the Power Law model, while stress sweep measurements provided insights into viscoelastic moduli and yield stress. Inks without KCl displayed smooth flow and superior single-layer printability but lacked multi-layer stability, while KCl-crosslinked inks showed enhanced mechanical stability and structural retention in multi-layer constructs. The ink contai

SUBMITTER: Ahmad S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12536296 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature