Particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes: exposure windows of susceptibility and socioeconomic inequalities.

ABSTRACT: We aimed (i) to assess the relationship of pregnancy-average particulate matter (PM) exposure with birthweight, birthweight at term, low birthweight at term, small for gestational age, and preterm birth, (ii) to identify critical windows of susceptibility to PM exposure across pregnancy on birthweight and small for gestational age, and (iii) to assess the presence of socioeconomic inequalities on these associations. We established a population-based, nationwide cohort using the Spanish birth registry between 2004 and 2016 (N = 3,678,445). We estimated daily PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations for the entire pregnancy at the maternal residential address at child's delivery using spatiotemporal land use random-forest models. Linear, logistic, and distributed lag linear models

SUBMITTER: Guxens M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12537619 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature