Pulmonary inflammation and immune responses induced by nanocellulose: Insights from <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models.

ABSTRACT: The increasing use of nanocellulose (NC), including cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), in industrial, biomedical, and consumer products has raised concerns regarding potential inhalation exposure, as these materials contain components within the respirable particle size range (<10 µm). Despite expanding applications, data on NC-induced pulmonary and systemic immune effects remain limited. This study investigated the pulmonary and immunotoxic effects of CNF1 (TEMPO-oxidized), CNF2 (mechanically fibrillated), and CNC1 in rats following intratracheal instillation, using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a benchmark. All materials were administered at 2.0 mg/kg body weight, with fiber diameters of 14.1-28.2 nm and lengths of 0.7-2.2 µm. At 28 d post-instill

SUBMITTER: Fujita K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12538018 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature